the history of calligraphy

The word \"calligraphy\" means beautiful writing.
Calligraphy is the art of writing elegance.
Before the invention of the printing machine, this is the way to make each page of books.
Every book is written by hand. A flat-
The pen used to write is a inlaid pen.
There are three types of calligraphy today --1.
Western or Roman. 2. Arabic3.
Chinese or Oriental
History: calligraphy originated in the Stone Age.
Letters did not exist at that time, but things were described by making pictures.
The cave man described in the form of a painting the major events of the life of the cave man on the cave wall.
With the development of human beings, the art of modernizing pictures.
Egyptians played a very important role in developing painting.
About 3600 B.
C. The Egyptians created hieroglyphs that they are so famous.
These symbols are used in the tomb of pharaoh, or painted on papyrus with a brush. Around 1000 B.
C. The Phoenicians created what is now considered one of the first letters and writing systems.
They are nautical, so they pass their gifts at every harbor they arrive.
They had a great influence on the Greeks, and they later developed their own writing style. By 850 BC, the Romans had adapted to Latin.
Latin is the common language of medieval European churches and monks (
And a little bit of noble stuff)
Is the only member of society with culture.
The monks began to write ancient texts in books.
Since the paper was expensive at the time, the monks found a new style of calligraphy that could hold more words in one line.
This new style, known as Gothic, has been a popular copying technique for most of the Middle Ages.
In the 15 th century, Johannes Gutenberg discovered the printing press according to the Gothic style of the monks.
This can print books faster.
Although the usage rate of the printing press is high, the requirements for handwriting skills are high.
During this period, Italians invented italics, which are popular in most parts of Europe.
Art Calligraphy declined sharply after 100.
In the 19 th century, Ping
The pen and Pen replace the pen.
Thanks to the round tip, it is difficult to get a beautiful calligraphy curve with these replaced pens.
The value of calligraphy will disappear, but William Morris, a British poet and artist
The 19 th century was a pioneer in the revival of calligraphy. It re-introduced the pen on the flat side and promoted the behavior of writing to the art form of the past.
The rise of computers!
The art of calligraphy does not seem to withstand the competition of the most important invention of the 20 th century-the computer.
With just a click of the mouse, the list of various scripts is generated electronically, and the script art is saved in an electronic pulse in an instant.
But calligraphy is more prosperous in calligraphy societies around the world than ever before.
The computer may print different calligraphy, but it does not have the talent to make a new style of calligraphy.
Calligrapher\'s Pen: calligrapher\'s pen is very important for writing a new style of calligraphy. It can be flat-edged (
Can be made of bamboo)
Or round tip or brush.
For some decorative purposes, more
Nibbed pens steel brushes can be used.
The calligraphy work was also done with ballpoint pens.
The ink used is water-based and less sticky than the oil-based ink used in the press.